{
 "scientific_name": "Zizia aurea",
 "common_name": "Common Golden-Alexanders",
 "family": "Apiaceae",
 "genus": "Zizia",
 "slug": "zizia-aurea",
 "region": "North Carolina",
 "also_known_as": null,
 "nc_state_rank": "S4S5 [S5]",
 "nc_status": null,
 "invasive_rank": null,
 "caterpillar_species_on_genus_nc": 4,
 "single_host_specialists_on_genus_nc": 0,
 "genus_percentile_among_nc_natives": 0.6,
 "wetland_indicator": "FAC",
 "wetland_indicator_listed": true,
 "ph_range": null,
 "factors_measured": [
  "caterpillars",
  "bees",
  "specialists",
  "birds",
  "structure"
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "name": "Vascular Plants of North Carolina, plant list export 2026-09-01 (LeGrand, Sorrie & Howard)",
   "url": "https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"
  },
  {
   "name": "Robertson 1929, Illinois flower visitors; GloBI contributor transcription (visits, not confirmed pollination)",
   "url": "https://github.com/millerse/Flowers-and-insects-lists-of-visitors-to-four-hundred-and-fifty-three-flowers"
  },
  {
   "name": "Shropshire & Tallamy 2025, Lepidoptera of North America north of Mexico, ZooKeys 1261 (ODbL)",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1261.160796"
  },
  {
   "name": "Noori, Seltmann & Orr 2026, A curated and integrated dataset for exploring global bee-plant interactions (GloBI), Zenodo, CC BY 4.0",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18303036"
  },
  {
   "name": "Smith, Bachelder, Russell, Morales, Mosher & Seltmann 2024, Bee-Specialization-Modeling v0.6.1 (specialist host table compiled from J. Fowler's pollen specialist bee lists), Zenodo, CC BY 4.0",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14226492"
  },
  {
   "name": "Hurlbert, Olsen, Sawyer & Winner 2021, Avian Diet Database, Scientific Data 8: 260 (CC0)",
   "url": "https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase"
  },
  {
   "name": "USDA NRCS PLANTS Database, growth habit (public domain)",
   "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/"
  },
  {
   "name": "Narango, Tallamy & Shropshire 2020, Few keystone plant genera support the majority of Lepidoptera species, Nature Communications",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19565-4"
  },
  {
   "name": "U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, National Wetland Plant List 2022, Eastern Mountains & Piedmont",
   "url": "https://wetland-plants.sec.usace.army.mil/"
  },
  {
   "name": "USDA NRCS PLANTS Database",
   "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/"
  }
 ],
 "insect_support": {
  "version": "insect-support-1",
  "groups": {
   "ants": {
    "label": "Ants",
    "status": "unknown",
    "recorded_names": [],
    "recorded_name_count": null,
    "flower_visits": [],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 0
   },
   "beetles": {
    "label": "Beetles",
    "status": "recorded",
    "recorded_names": [
     "Acmaeops nigripennis",
     "Centrinites strigicollis",
     "Centrinus picumnus",
     "Coccinella sanguinea",
     "Diabrotica 12-punctata",
     "Hister americanus",
     "Onthophagus pennsylvanicus"
    ],
    "recorded_name_count": 7,
    "flower_visits": [
     {
      "animal": "Acmaeops nigripennis",
      "group": "beetles",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Centrinites strigicollis",
      "group": "beetles",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Diabrotica 12-punctata",
      "group": "beetles",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Centrinus picumnus",
      "group": "beetles",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Coccinella sanguinea",
      "group": "beetles",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Hister americanus",
      "group": "beetles",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Onthophagus pennsylvanicus",
      "group": "beetles",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     }
    ],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 1
   },
   "flies": {
    "label": "Flies",
    "status": "recorded",
    "recorded_names": [
     "Agromyza aeneoventris",
     "Aldrichia ehrmanii",
     "Bibio albipennis",
     "Calythea albicincta",
     "Ceratomyiella conica",
     "Chilosia petulca",
     "Chlorops assimilis",
     "Chlorops proxima",
     "Chlorops pulverea",
     "Cistogaster occidua",
     "Coenosia lacteipennis",
     "Empis distans",
     "Empis loripedis",
     "Eristalis latifrons",
     "Helophilus latifrons",
     "Hippelates plebejus",
     "Lucilia sylvarum",
     "Meromyza americana",
     "Morellia micans",
     "Nemotelus glaber",
     "Phorantha magna",
     "Phorantha purpurascens",
     "Phorbia cinerella",
     "Phormia regina",
     "Rivellia pallida",
     "Sarcophaga sinuata",
     "Sciara atrata",
     "Sepsis violacea",
     "Simulium pecuarum",
     "Siphona geniculata",
     "Siphonella cinerea",
     "Sphaerophoria cylindrica",
     "Sturmia nigrita",
     "Syrphus ribesii",
     "Tachina rustica",
     "Trichopoda pennipes",
     "Zodion fulvifrons"
    ],
    "recorded_name_count": 37,
    "flower_visits": [
     {
      "animal": "Agromyza aeneoventris",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Zodion fulvifrons",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Helophilus latifrons",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Phormia regina",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Sarcophaga sinuata",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Sepsis violacea",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Siphona geniculata",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Syrphus ribesii",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Phorantha purpurascens",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Sphaerophoria cylindrica",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Lucilia sylvarum",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Trichopoda pennipes",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Cistogaster occidua",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Sciara atrata",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Calythea albicincta",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Empis loripedis",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Eristalis latifrons",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Empis distans",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Siphonella cinerea",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Morellia micans",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Nemotelus glaber",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Aldrichia ehrmanii",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Chilosia petulca",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Chlorops proxima",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Phorantha magna",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Chlorops assimilis",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Simulium pecuarum",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Hippelates plebejus",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Bibio albipennis",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Rivellia pallida",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Sturmia nigrita",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Tachina rustica",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Ceratomyiella conica",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Chlorops pulverea",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Phorbia cinerella",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Meromyza americana",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Coenosia lacteipennis",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     }
    ],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 1
   },
   "moths_butterflies": {
    "label": "Adult butterflies / moths",
    "status": "recorded",
    "recorded_names": [
     "Heodes hypophlaeas",
     "Phyciodes tharos",
     "Plusia simplex"
    ],
    "recorded_name_count": 3,
    "flower_visits": [
     {
      "animal": "Phyciodes tharos",
      "group": "moths_butterflies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Plusia simplex",
      "group": "moths_butterflies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Heodes hypophlaeas",
      "group": "moths_butterflies",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     }
    ],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 1
   },
   "other_hymenoptera": {
    "label": "Other wasps",
    "status": "recorded",
    "recorded_names": [
     "Ancistrocerus tigris",
     "Anoplius illinoensis",
     "Ectemnius atriceps",
     "Eumenes fraternus",
     "Leionotus clypeatus",
     "Leionotus illinoensis",
     "Leionotus megaera",
     "Leionotus perennis",
     "Leionotus scrophulariae",
     "Leionotus vagus",
     "Oxybelus 4-notatus",
     "Polistes variatus",
     "Tiphia clypeata"
    ],
    "recorded_name_count": 13,
    "flower_visits": [
     {
      "animal": "Leionotus clypeatus",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Leionotus scrophulariae",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Polistes variatus",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Leionotus vagus",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Ancistrocerus tigris",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Anoplius illinoensis",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Ectemnius atriceps",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Eumenes fraternus",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Oxybelus 4-notatus",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Leionotus illinoensis",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Leionotus perennis",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Tiphia clypeata",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Leionotus megaera",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     }
    ],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 1
   },
   "other_insects": {
    "label": "Other insects",
    "status": "recorded",
    "recorded_names": [
     "Lygus pratensis",
     "Plagiognathus obscurus"
    ],
    "recorded_name_count": 2,
    "flower_visits": [
     {
      "animal": "Lygus pratensis",
      "group": "other_insects",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Plagiognathus obscurus",
      "group": "other_insects",
      "source_plant": "Zizia aurea",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     }
    ],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 0
   }
  },
  "credit": 4,
  "maximum_credit": 5,
  "interpretation": "One provisional point per additional documented insect group, capped at five. Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. Study volume and repeated records earn no extra credit."
 },
 "baseline_genus_score": 48,
 "insect_credit_applied": 4,
 "quercus_score": 52,
 "band": "Strong",
 "verdict": null,
 "genus_score": 52,
 "abundance_adjustment": 0,
 "factors": {
  "caterpillars": {
   "value": 4,
   "percentile": 0.623
  },
  "bees": {
   "value": 10,
   "percentile": 0.805
  },
  "specialists": {
   "value": 1,
   "percentile": 0.891
  },
  "birds": {
   "value": 0,
   "percentile": 0.304
  },
  "structure": {
   "value": [
    "Forb/herb"
   ],
   "percentile": 0.5
  }
 },
 "bees_on_genus_se": 10,
 "specialist_bees_on_genus": 1,
 "birds_on_genus_na": 0,
 "growth_habit": [
  "Forb/herb"
 ],
 "observed_caterpillars_nc": null,
 "reason": "Native. The Zizia genus feeds 4 caterpillar species in NC, draws 10 bee species in the Southeast, including 1 pollen-specialist bee species that depend on it,; no bird feeding interactions are recorded for this genus in the North American dataset. Strong for specialist bees. Few records for birds. Includes +4 provisional points for additional documented insect groups.",
 "confidence": "5 of 5 factor datasets used; missing records do not prove absence (genus-level)",
 "moisture": "wet or dry ground",
 "light_range": null,
 "light_source": null,
 "nc_counties_recorded": 28,
 "nc_counties": [
  "Alamance",
  "Alleghany",
  "Ashe",
  "Avery",
  "Caldwell",
  "Chatham",
  "Clay",
  "Davie",
  "Durham",
  "Forsyth",
  "Franklin",
  "Graham",
  "Granville",
  "Haywood",
  "Henderson",
  "Iredell",
  "Jackson",
  "Johnston",
  "Lee",
  "Montgomery",
  "Orange",
  "Person",
  "Randolph",
  "Rowan",
  "Stanly",
  "Swain",
  "Union",
  "Wake"
 ],
 "fit_inputs": {
  "light": null,
  "moisture": [
   1,
   3
  ],
  "ph": null
 },
 "fit_status": "not_assessed",
 "hardiness_guidance": null,
 "fit_note": "Yard fit has not been assessed. County occurrences and condition proxies are not proof of local nativity or suitability.",
 "fit_provenance": {
  "counties": "USDA PLANTS: recorded in 28 NC counties",
  "moisture": "USACE wetland occurrence proxy"
 },
 "factor_evidence": {
  "caterpillars": "records_present",
  "bees": "records_present",
  "specialists": "records_present",
  "birds": "no_records_or_unknown",
  "structure": "records_present"
 },
 "nc_provinces": [
  "Mountains",
  "Piedmont"
 ],
 "search_terms": [
  "Common Golden Alexanders"
 ],
 "display_count_scales": {
  "caterpillars": 496,
  "bees": 176,
  "specialists": 45,
  "birds": 58,
  "insect_ants": 20,
  "insect_beetles": 12,
  "insect_flies": 74,
  "insect_moths_butterflies": 15,
  "insect_other_hymenoptera": 75,
  "insect_other_insects": 5
 },
 "version": "0.6.4",
 "built": "2026-09-24"
}