{
 "scientific_name": "Oenothera fruticosa",
 "common_name": "Narrowleaf Sundrops",
 "family": "Onagraceae",
 "genus": "Oenothera",
 "slug": "oenothera-fruticosa",
 "region": "North Carolina",
 "also_known_as": null,
 "nc_state_rank": "S5",
 "nc_status": null,
 "invasive_rank": null,
 "caterpillar_species_on_genus_nc": 20,
 "single_host_specialists_on_genus_nc": 7,
 "genus_percentile_among_nc_natives": 0.865,
 "wetland_indicator": "FAC",
 "wetland_indicator_listed": true,
 "ph_range": [
  4.5,
  7.0
 ],
 "factors_measured": [
  "caterpillars",
  "bees",
  "specialists",
  "birds",
  "structure"
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "name": "Vascular Plants of North Carolina, plant list export 2026-09-01 (LeGrand, Sorrie & Howard)",
   "url": "https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"
  },
  {
   "name": "Robertson 1929, Illinois flower visitors; GloBI contributor transcription (visits, not confirmed pollination)",
   "url": "https://github.com/millerse/Flowers-and-insects-lists-of-visitors-to-four-hundred-and-fifty-three-flowers"
  },
  {
   "name": "Shropshire & Tallamy 2025, Lepidoptera of North America north of Mexico, ZooKeys 1261 (ODbL)",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1261.160796"
  },
  {
   "name": "Noori, Seltmann & Orr 2026, A curated and integrated dataset for exploring global bee-plant interactions (GloBI), Zenodo, CC BY 4.0",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18303036"
  },
  {
   "name": "Smith, Bachelder, Russell, Morales, Mosher & Seltmann 2024, Bee-Specialization-Modeling v0.6.1 (specialist host table compiled from J. Fowler's pollen specialist bee lists), Zenodo, CC BY 4.0",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14226492"
  },
  {
   "name": "Hurlbert, Olsen, Sawyer & Winner 2021, Avian Diet Database, Scientific Data 8: 260 (CC0)",
   "url": "https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase"
  },
  {
   "name": "USDA NRCS PLANTS Database, growth habit (public domain)",
   "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/"
  },
  {
   "name": "Narango, Tallamy & Shropshire 2020, Few keystone plant genera support the majority of Lepidoptera species, Nature Communications",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19565-4"
  },
  {
   "name": "U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, National Wetland Plant List 2022, Eastern Mountains & Piedmont",
   "url": "https://wetland-plants.sec.usace.army.mil/"
  },
  {
   "name": "USDA NRCS PLANTS Database",
   "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/"
  }
 ],
 "insect_support": {
  "version": "insect-support-1",
  "groups": {
   "ants": {
    "label": "Ants",
    "status": "unknown",
    "recorded_names": [],
    "recorded_name_count": null,
    "flower_visits": [],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 0
   },
   "beetles": {
    "label": "Beetles",
    "status": "recorded",
    "recorded_names": [
     "Centrinus scutellum album",
     "Diabrotica 12-punctata"
    ],
    "recorded_name_count": 2,
    "flower_visits": [
     {
      "animal": "Diabrotica 12-punctata",
      "group": "beetles",
      "source_plant": "Oenothera fruticosa",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Centrinus scutellum album",
      "group": "beetles",
      "source_plant": "Oenothera fruticosa",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     }
    ],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 1
   },
   "flies": {
    "label": "Flies",
    "status": "recorded",
    "recorded_names": [
     "Eristalis latifrons",
     "Sphaerophoria cylindrica",
     "Syrphus americanus"
    ],
    "recorded_name_count": 3,
    "flower_visits": [
     {
      "animal": "Sphaerophoria cylindrica",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Oenothera fruticosa",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Syrphus americanus",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Oenothera fruticosa",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Eristalis latifrons",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Oenothera fruticosa",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     }
    ],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 1
   },
   "moths_butterflies": {
    "label": "Adult butterflies / moths",
    "status": "recorded",
    "recorded_names": [
     "Limochores taumas",
     "Pontia protodice"
    ],
    "recorded_name_count": 2,
    "flower_visits": [
     {
      "animal": "Limochores taumas",
      "group": "moths_butterflies",
      "source_plant": "Oenothera fruticosa",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Pontia protodice",
      "group": "moths_butterflies",
      "source_plant": "Oenothera fruticosa",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     }
    ],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 1
   },
   "other_hymenoptera": {
    "label": "Other wasps",
    "status": "unknown",
    "recorded_names": [],
    "recorded_name_count": null,
    "flower_visits": [],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 0
   },
   "other_insects": {
    "label": "Other insects",
    "status": "unknown",
    "recorded_names": [],
    "recorded_name_count": null,
    "flower_visits": [],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 0
   }
  },
  "credit": 3,
  "maximum_credit": 5,
  "interpretation": "One provisional point per additional documented insect group, capped at five. Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. Study volume and repeated records earn no extra credit."
 },
 "baseline_genus_score": 79,
 "insect_credit_applied": 3,
 "quercus_score": 82,
 "band": "Keystone",
 "verdict": null,
 "genus_score": 82,
 "abundance_adjustment": 0,
 "factors": {
  "caterpillars": {
   "value": 20,
   "percentile": 0.867
  },
  "bees": {
   "value": 23,
   "percentile": 0.916
  },
  "specialists": {
   "value": 4,
   "percentile": 0.955
  },
  "birds": {
   "value": 5,
   "percentile": 0.851
  },
  "structure": {
   "value": [
    "Forb/herb"
   ],
   "percentile": 0.5
  }
 },
 "bees_on_genus_se": 23,
 "specialist_bees_on_genus": 4,
 "birds_on_genus_na": 5,
 "growth_habit": [
  "Forb/herb"
 ],
 "observed_caterpillars_nc": null,
 "reason": "Native. The Oenothera genus feeds 20 caterpillar species in NC, draws 23 bee species in the Southeast, including 4 pollen-specialist bee species that depend on it,; 5 bird species have recorded feeding interactions with this genus in North America. Strong for caterpillars, bees, specialist bees and birds. Includes +3 provisional points for additional documented insect groups.",
 "confidence": "5 of 5 factor datasets used; missing records do not prove absence (genus-level)",
 "moisture": "wet or dry ground",
 "light_range": [
  "shade",
  "part sun"
 ],
 "light_source": "USDA PLANTS shade class 'Low', read inverted (coarse)",
 "nc_counties_recorded": 87,
 "nc_counties": [
  "Alamance",
  "Alexander",
  "Alleghany",
  "Anson",
  "Ashe",
  "Avery",
  "Beaufort",
  "Bertie",
  "Bladen",
  "Brunswick",
  "Buncombe",
  "Burke",
  "Cabarrus",
  "Caldwell",
  "Camden",
  "Carteret",
  "Caswell",
  "Chatham",
  "Columbus",
  "Craven",
  "Cumberland",
  "Currituck",
  "Dare",
  "Davidson",
  "Davie",
  "Duplin",
  "Durham",
  "Edgecombe",
  "Forsyth",
  "Franklin",
  "Gaston",
  "Gates",
  "Graham",
  "Granville",
  "Guilford",
  "Halifax",
  "Harnett",
  "Haywood",
  "Henderson",
  "Hertford",
  "Hoke",
  "Hyde",
  "Iredell",
  "Jackson",
  "Johnston",
  "Lee",
  "Lincoln",
  "Macon",
  "Madison",
  "Martin",
  "McDowell",
  "Mecklenburg",
  "Mitchell",
  "Montgomery",
  "Nash",
  "New Hanover",
  "Northampton",
  "Onslow",
  "Orange",
  "Pamlico",
  "Pasquotank",
  "Pender",
  "Person",
  "Pitt",
  "Polk",
  "Randolph",
  "Richmond",
  "Robeson",
  "Rockingham",
  "Rowan",
  "Rutherford",
  "Sampson",
  "Scotland",
  "Stanly",
  "Stokes",
  "Surry",
  "Swain",
  "Transylvania",
  "Tyrrell",
  "Union",
  "Vance",
  "Wake",
  "Warren",
  "Washington",
  "Watauga",
  "Wayne",
  "Yancey"
 ],
 "fit_inputs": {
  "light": [
   1,
   3
  ],
  "moisture": [
   1,
   3
  ],
  "ph": [
   4.5,
   7.0
  ]
 },
 "fit_status": "not_assessed",
 "hardiness_guidance": null,
 "fit_note": "Yard fit has not been assessed. County occurrences and condition proxies are not proof of local nativity or suitability.",
 "fit_provenance": {
  "counties": "USDA PLANTS: recorded in 87 NC counties",
  "ph": "USDA PLANTS",
  "light": "USDA PLANTS shade class 'Low', read inverted (coarse)",
  "moisture": "USACE wetland occurrence proxy; ; tolerates saturated soil (USDA/Niinemets)"
 },
 "factor_evidence": {
  "caterpillars": "records_present",
  "bees": "records_present",
  "specialists": "records_present",
  "birds": "records_present",
  "structure": "records_present"
 },
 "nc_provinces": [
  "Coastal Plain",
  "Mountains",
  "Piedmont"
 ],
 "search_terms": null,
 "display_count_scales": {
  "caterpillars": 496,
  "bees": 176,
  "specialists": 45,
  "birds": 58,
  "insect_ants": 20,
  "insect_beetles": 12,
  "insect_flies": 74,
  "insect_moths_butterflies": 15,
  "insect_other_hymenoptera": 75,
  "insect_other_insects": 5
 },
 "version": "0.6.4",
 "built": "2026-09-24"
}