{
 "scientific_name": "Eupatorium altissimum",
 "common_name": "Tall Thoroughwort",
 "family": "Asteraceae",
 "genus": "Eupatorium",
 "slug": "eupatorium-altissimum",
 "region": "North Carolina",
 "also_known_as": null,
 "nc_state_rank": "S2 [S2S3]",
 "nc_status": "W1",
 "invasive_rank": null,
 "caterpillar_species_on_genus_nc": 42,
 "single_host_specialists_on_genus_nc": 6,
 "genus_percentile_among_nc_natives": 0.924,
 "wetland_indicator": null,
 "wetland_indicator_listed": false,
 "ph_range": null,
 "factors_measured": [
  "caterpillars",
  "bees",
  "specialists",
  "birds",
  "structure"
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "name": "Vascular Plants of North Carolina, plant list export 2026-09-01 (LeGrand, Sorrie & Howard)",
   "url": "https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"
  },
  {
   "name": "Robertson 1929, Illinois flower visitors; GloBI contributor transcription (visits, not confirmed pollination)",
   "url": "https://github.com/millerse/Flowers-and-insects-lists-of-visitors-to-four-hundred-and-fifty-three-flowers"
  },
  {
   "name": "Shropshire & Tallamy 2025, Lepidoptera of North America north of Mexico, ZooKeys 1261 (ODbL)",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1261.160796"
  },
  {
   "name": "Noori, Seltmann & Orr 2026, A curated and integrated dataset for exploring global bee-plant interactions (GloBI), Zenodo, CC BY 4.0",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18303036"
  },
  {
   "name": "Smith, Bachelder, Russell, Morales, Mosher & Seltmann 2024, Bee-Specialization-Modeling v0.6.1 (specialist host table compiled from J. Fowler's pollen specialist bee lists), Zenodo, CC BY 4.0",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14226492"
  },
  {
   "name": "Hurlbert, Olsen, Sawyer & Winner 2021, Avian Diet Database, Scientific Data 8: 260 (CC0)",
   "url": "https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase"
  },
  {
   "name": "USDA NRCS PLANTS Database, growth habit (public domain)",
   "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/"
  },
  {
   "name": "Narango, Tallamy & Shropshire 2020, Few keystone plant genera support the majority of Lepidoptera species, Nature Communications",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19565-4"
  },
  {
   "name": "U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, National Wetland Plant List 2022, Eastern Mountains & Piedmont",
   "url": "https://wetland-plants.sec.usace.army.mil/"
  }
 ],
 "insect_support": {
  "version": "insect-support-1",
  "groups": {
   "ants": {
    "label": "Ants",
    "status": "unknown",
    "recorded_names": [],
    "recorded_name_count": null,
    "flower_visits": [],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 0
   },
   "beetles": {
    "label": "Beetles",
    "status": "unknown",
    "recorded_names": [],
    "recorded_name_count": null,
    "flower_visits": [],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 0
   },
   "flies": {
    "label": "Flies",
    "status": "recorded",
    "recorded_names": [
     "Alophora fumosa",
     "Anthrax hypomelas",
     "Archytas analis",
     "Archytas aterrima",
     "Conops xanthopareus",
     "Ennyomma globosa",
     "Exoprosopa fasciata",
     "Graphomyia americana",
     "Leskiomima secunda",
     "Milesia ornata",
     "Morellia micans",
     "Phorantha asteris",
     "Scepsis fulvicollis",
     "Senotainia trilineata",
     "Spallanzania hesperidarum",
     "Spilomyia longicornis"
    ],
    "recorded_name_count": 16,
    "flower_visits": [
     {
      "animal": "Archytas analis",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Milesia ornata",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Archytas aterrima",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Senotainia trilineata",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Spallanzania hesperidarum",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Graphomyia americana",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Scepsis fulvicollis",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Exoprosopa fasciata",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Conops xanthopareus",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Morellia micans",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Spilomyia longicornis",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Anthrax hypomelas",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Ennyomma globosa",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Phorantha asteris",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Leskiomima secunda",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Alophora fumosa",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     }
    ],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 1
   },
   "moths_butterflies": {
    "label": "Adult butterflies / moths",
    "status": "recorded",
    "recorded_names": [
     "Limochores taumas",
     "Phyciodes tharos",
     "Pontia protodice"
    ],
    "recorded_name_count": 3,
    "flower_visits": [
     {
      "animal": "Phyciodes tharos",
      "group": "moths_butterflies",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Limochores taumas",
      "group": "moths_butterflies",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Pontia protodice",
      "group": "moths_butterflies",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     }
    ],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 1
   },
   "other_hymenoptera": {
    "label": "Other wasps",
    "status": "recorded",
    "recorded_names": [
     "Ancistrocerus tigris",
     "Bicyrtes ventralis",
     "Eucerceris zonatus",
     "Eumenes fraternus",
     "Isodontia apicalis",
     "Philanthus ventilabris",
     "Polistes annularis",
     "Polistes pallipes",
     "Polistes variatus",
     "Sphex nigricans",
     "Sphex procera",
     "Zethus spinipes"
    ],
    "recorded_name_count": 12,
    "flower_visits": [
     {
      "animal": "Isodontia apicalis",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Polistes annularis",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Polistes pallipes",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Polistes variatus",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Ancistrocerus tigris",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Sphex nigricans",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Philanthus ventilabris",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Bicyrtes ventralis",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Eucerceris zonatus",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Eumenes fraternus",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Sphex procera",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Zethus spinipes",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Eupatorium altissimum",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     }
    ],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 1
   },
   "other_insects": {
    "label": "Other insects",
    "status": "unknown",
    "recorded_names": [],
    "recorded_name_count": null,
    "flower_visits": [],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 0
   }
  },
  "credit": 3,
  "maximum_credit": 5,
  "interpretation": "One provisional point per additional documented insect group, capped at five. Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. Study volume and repeated records earn no extra credit."
 },
 "baseline_genus_score": 82,
 "insect_credit_applied": 3,
 "quercus_score": 77,
 "band": "Strong",
 "verdict": "Rare in NC: buy nursery-propagated plants only",
 "genus_score": 85,
 "abundance_adjustment": -8,
 "factors": {
  "caterpillars": {
   "value": 42,
   "percentile": 0.925
  },
  "bees": {
   "value": 34,
   "percentile": 0.952
  },
  "specialists": {
   "value": 2,
   "percentile": 0.927
  },
  "birds": {
   "value": 1,
   "percentile": 0.664
  },
  "structure": {
   "value": [
    "Forb/herb"
   ],
   "percentile": 0.5
  }
 },
 "bees_on_genus_se": 34,
 "specialist_bees_on_genus": 2,
 "birds_on_genus_na": 1,
 "growth_habit": [
  "Forb/herb"
 ],
 "observed_caterpillars_nc": null,
 "reason": "Native. The Eupatorium genus feeds 42 caterpillar species in NC, draws 34 bee species in the Southeast, including 2 pollen-specialist bee species that depend on it,; 1 bird species have recorded feeding interactions with this genus in North America. Strong for caterpillars, bees and specialist bees. Adjusted -8 because this species is less common in NC than others in its genus. Includes +3 provisional points for additional documented insect groups.",
 "confidence": "5 of 5 factor datasets used; missing records do not prove absence (genus-level)",
 "moisture": "unknown: no matched wetland indicator",
 "light_range": null,
 "light_source": null,
 "nc_counties_recorded": null,
 "nc_counties": null,
 "fit_inputs": {
  "light": null,
  "moisture": null,
  "ph": null
 },
 "fit_status": "not_assessed",
 "hardiness_guidance": null,
 "fit_note": "Yard fit has not been assessed. County occurrences and condition proxies are not proof of local nativity or suitability.",
 "fit_provenance": {
  "counties": "USDA lumps this with Eupatorium saltuense; county records not used",
  "moisture": "unknown: no matched indicator"
 },
 "factor_evidence": {
  "caterpillars": "records_present",
  "bees": "records_present",
  "specialists": "records_present",
  "birds": "records_present",
  "structure": "records_present"
 },
 "nc_provinces": null,
 "search_terms": null,
 "display_count_scales": {
  "caterpillars": 496,
  "bees": 176,
  "specialists": 45,
  "birds": 58,
  "insect_ants": 20,
  "insect_beetles": 12,
  "insect_flies": 74,
  "insect_moths_butterflies": 15,
  "insect_other_hymenoptera": 75,
  "insect_other_insects": 5
 },
 "version": "0.6.4",
 "built": "2026-09-24"
}