{
 "scientific_name": "Comandra umbellata",
 "common_name": "Bastard Toadflax",
 "family": "Comandraceae",
 "genus": "Comandra",
 "slug": "comandra-umbellata",
 "region": "North Carolina",
 "also_known_as": null,
 "nc_state_rank": "S3 [S4]",
 "nc_status": null,
 "invasive_rank": null,
 "caterpillar_species_on_genus_nc": 3,
 "single_host_specialists_on_genus_nc": 0,
 "genus_percentile_among_nc_natives": 0.536,
 "wetland_indicator": "FACU",
 "wetland_indicator_listed": true,
 "ph_range": null,
 "factors_measured": [
  "caterpillars",
  "bees",
  "specialists",
  "birds",
  "structure"
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "name": "Vascular Plants of North Carolina, plant list export 2026-09-01 (LeGrand, Sorrie & Howard)",
   "url": "https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"
  },
  {
   "name": "Robertson 1929, Illinois flower visitors; GloBI contributor transcription (visits, not confirmed pollination)",
   "url": "https://github.com/millerse/Flowers-and-insects-lists-of-visitors-to-four-hundred-and-fifty-three-flowers"
  },
  {
   "name": "Shropshire & Tallamy 2025, Lepidoptera of North America north of Mexico, ZooKeys 1261 (ODbL)",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1261.160796"
  },
  {
   "name": "Noori, Seltmann & Orr 2026, A curated and integrated dataset for exploring global bee-plant interactions (GloBI), Zenodo, CC BY 4.0",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18303036"
  },
  {
   "name": "Smith, Bachelder, Russell, Morales, Mosher & Seltmann 2024, Bee-Specialization-Modeling v0.6.1 (specialist host table compiled from J. Fowler's pollen specialist bee lists), Zenodo, CC BY 4.0",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14226492"
  },
  {
   "name": "Hurlbert, Olsen, Sawyer & Winner 2021, Avian Diet Database, Scientific Data 8: 260 (CC0)",
   "url": "https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase"
  },
  {
   "name": "USDA NRCS PLANTS Database, growth habit (public domain)",
   "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/"
  },
  {
   "name": "Narango, Tallamy & Shropshire 2020, Few keystone plant genera support the majority of Lepidoptera species, Nature Communications",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19565-4"
  },
  {
   "name": "U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, National Wetland Plant List 2022, Eastern Mountains & Piedmont",
   "url": "https://wetland-plants.sec.usace.army.mil/"
  },
  {
   "name": "USDA NRCS PLANTS Database",
   "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/"
  }
 ],
 "insect_support": {
  "version": "insect-support-1",
  "groups": {
   "ants": {
    "label": "Ants",
    "status": "unknown",
    "recorded_names": [],
    "recorded_name_count": null,
    "flower_visits": [],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 0
   },
   "beetles": {
    "label": "Beetles",
    "status": "unknown",
    "recorded_names": [],
    "recorded_name_count": null,
    "flower_visits": [],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 0
   },
   "flies": {
    "label": "Flies",
    "status": "recorded",
    "recorded_names": [
     "Boettcheria cimbicis",
     "Calliphora erythrocephala",
     "Calliphora vomitoria",
     "Graphomyia americana",
     "Helophilus latifrons",
     "Limnophora narona",
     "Lucilia sericata",
     "Lucilia sylvarum",
     "Myospila meditabunda",
     "Odontomyia pubescens",
     "Peleteria robusta",
     "Phormia regina",
     "Sarcophaga sinuata",
     "Sciomyza humilis",
     "Sphaerophoria cylindrica",
     "Volucella vesiculosa"
    ],
    "recorded_name_count": 16,
    "flower_visits": [
     {
      "animal": "Helophilus latifrons",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Comandra umbellata",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Limnophora narona",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Comandra umbellata",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Phormia regina",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Comandra umbellata",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Sarcophaga sinuata",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Comandra umbellata",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Sphaerophoria cylindrica",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Comandra umbellata",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Graphomyia americana",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Comandra umbellata",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Lucilia sericata",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Comandra umbellata",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Lucilia sylvarum",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Comandra umbellata",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Peleteria robusta",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Comandra umbellata",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Volucella vesiculosa",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Comandra umbellata",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Calliphora erythrocephala",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Comandra umbellata",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Calliphora vomitoria",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Comandra umbellata",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Myospila meditabunda",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Comandra umbellata",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Boettcheria cimbicis",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Comandra umbellata",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Sciomyza humilis",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Comandra umbellata",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Odontomyia pubescens",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Comandra umbellata",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     }
    ],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 1
   },
   "moths_butterflies": {
    "label": "Adult butterflies / moths",
    "status": "unknown",
    "recorded_names": [],
    "recorded_name_count": null,
    "flower_visits": [],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 0
   },
   "other_hymenoptera": {
    "label": "Other wasps",
    "status": "unknown",
    "recorded_names": [],
    "recorded_name_count": null,
    "flower_visits": [],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 0
   },
   "other_insects": {
    "label": "Other insects",
    "status": "unknown",
    "recorded_names": [],
    "recorded_name_count": null,
    "flower_visits": [],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 0
   }
  },
  "credit": 1,
  "maximum_credit": 5,
  "interpretation": "One provisional point per additional documented insect group, capped at five. Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. Study volume and repeated records earn no extra credit."
 },
 "baseline_genus_score": 21,
 "insect_credit_applied": 1,
 "quercus_score": 17,
 "band": "Modest",
 "verdict": null,
 "genus_score": 22,
 "abundance_adjustment": -5,
 "factors": {
  "caterpillars": {
   "value": 3,
   "percentile": 0.568
  },
  "bees": {
   "value": 0,
   "percentile": 0.244
  },
  "specialists": {
   "value": 0,
   "percentile": 0.432
  },
  "birds": {
   "value": 0,
   "percentile": 0.304
  },
  "structure": {
   "value": [
    "Forb/herb",
    "Subshrub"
   ],
   "percentile": 0.5
  }
 },
 "bees_on_genus_se": 0,
 "specialist_bees_on_genus": 0,
 "birds_on_genus_na": 0,
 "growth_habit": [
  "Forb/herb",
  "Subshrub"
 ],
 "observed_caterpillars_nc": null,
 "reason": "Native. The Comandra genus feeds 3 caterpillar species in NC, draws 0 bee species in the Southeast; no bird feeding interactions are recorded for this genus in the North American dataset. Few records for bees and birds. Adjusted -5 because this species is less common in NC than others in its genus. Includes +1 provisional points for additional documented insect groups.",
 "confidence": "5 of 5 factor datasets used; missing records do not prove absence (genus-level)",
 "moisture": "usually drier ground",
 "light_range": null,
 "light_source": null,
 "nc_counties_recorded": 38,
 "nc_counties": [
  "Alamance",
  "Bladen",
  "Buncombe",
  "Cabarrus",
  "Chatham",
  "Chowan",
  "Cleveland",
  "Cumberland",
  "Davidson",
  "Durham",
  "Edgecombe",
  "Forsyth",
  "Granville",
  "Guilford",
  "Halifax",
  "Harnett",
  "Haywood",
  "Henderson",
  "Hertford",
  "Hoke",
  "Lee",
  "Macon",
  "Montgomery",
  "Moore",
  "Nash",
  "Orange",
  "Person",
  "Randolph",
  "Richmond",
  "Rockingham",
  "Rowan",
  "Sampson",
  "Scotland",
  "Stanly",
  "Stokes",
  "Swain",
  "Wake",
  "Warren"
 ],
 "fit_inputs": {
  "light": null,
  "moisture": [
   1,
   2
  ],
  "ph": null
 },
 "fit_status": "not_assessed",
 "hardiness_guidance": null,
 "fit_note": "Yard fit has not been assessed. County occurrences and condition proxies are not proof of local nativity or suitability.",
 "fit_provenance": {
  "counties": "USDA PLANTS: recorded in 38 NC counties",
  "moisture": "USACE wetland occurrence proxy"
 },
 "factor_evidence": {
  "caterpillars": "records_present",
  "bees": "no_records_or_unknown",
  "specialists": "no_records_or_unknown",
  "birds": "no_records_or_unknown",
  "structure": "records_present"
 },
 "nc_provinces": [
  "Coastal Plain",
  "Mountains",
  "Piedmont"
 ],
 "search_terms": null,
 "display_count_scales": {
  "caterpillars": 496,
  "bees": 176,
  "specialists": 45,
  "birds": 58,
  "insect_ants": 20,
  "insect_beetles": 12,
  "insect_flies": 74,
  "insect_moths_butterflies": 15,
  "insect_other_hymenoptera": 75,
  "insect_other_insects": 5
 },
 "version": "0.6.4",
 "built": "2026-09-24"
}