{
 "scientific_name": "Benthamidia florida",
 "common_name": "Flowering Dogwood",
 "family": "Cornaceae",
 "genus": "Benthamidia",
 "slug": "benthamidia-florida",
 "region": "North Carolina",
 "also_known_as": [
  "Cornus florida"
 ],
 "nc_state_rank": "S4 [S5]",
 "nc_status": null,
 "invasive_rank": null,
 "caterpillar_species_on_genus_nc": 112,
 "single_host_specialists_on_genus_nc": 5,
 "genus_percentile_among_nc_natives": 0.973,
 "wetland_indicator": null,
 "wetland_indicator_listed": false,
 "ph_range": [
  4.8,
  7.7
 ],
 "factors_measured": [
  "caterpillars",
  "bees",
  "specialists",
  "birds",
  "structure"
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "name": "Vascular Plants of North Carolina, plant list export 2026-09-01 (LeGrand, Sorrie & Howard)",
   "url": "https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"
  },
  {
   "name": "Robertson 1929, Illinois flower visitors; GloBI contributor transcription (visits, not confirmed pollination)",
   "url": "https://github.com/millerse/Flowers-and-insects-lists-of-visitors-to-four-hundred-and-fifty-three-flowers"
  },
  {
   "name": "Shropshire & Tallamy 2025, Lepidoptera of North America north of Mexico, ZooKeys 1261 (ODbL)",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1261.160796"
  },
  {
   "name": "Noori, Seltmann & Orr 2026, A curated and integrated dataset for exploring global bee-plant interactions (GloBI), Zenodo, CC BY 4.0",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18303036"
  },
  {
   "name": "Smith, Bachelder, Russell, Morales, Mosher & Seltmann 2024, Bee-Specialization-Modeling v0.6.1 (specialist host table compiled from J. Fowler's pollen specialist bee lists), Zenodo, CC BY 4.0",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14226492"
  },
  {
   "name": "Hurlbert, Olsen, Sawyer & Winner 2021, Avian Diet Database, Scientific Data 8: 260 (CC0)",
   "url": "https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase"
  },
  {
   "name": "USDA NRCS PLANTS Database, growth habit (public domain)",
   "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/"
  },
  {
   "name": "Narango, Tallamy & Shropshire 2020, Few keystone plant genera support the majority of Lepidoptera species, Nature Communications",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19565-4"
  },
  {
   "name": "U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, National Wetland Plant List 2022, Eastern Mountains & Piedmont",
   "url": "https://wetland-plants.sec.usace.army.mil/"
  },
  {
   "name": "USDA NRCS PLANTS Database",
   "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/"
  }
 ],
 "insect_support": {
  "version": "insect-support-1",
  "groups": {
   "ants": {
    "label": "Ants",
    "status": "unknown",
    "recorded_names": [],
    "recorded_name_count": null,
    "flower_visits": [],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 0
   },
   "beetles": {
    "label": "Beetles",
    "status": "recorded",
    "recorded_names": [
     "Molorchus bimaculatus"
    ],
    "recorded_name_count": 1,
    "flower_visits": [
     {
      "animal": "Molorchus bimaculatus",
      "group": "beetles",
      "source_plant": "Cornus florida",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     }
    ],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 1
   },
   "flies": {
    "label": "Flies",
    "status": "recorded",
    "recorded_names": [
     "Bombylius pulchellus",
     "Criorhina umbratilis",
     "Empis humilis",
     "Lonchaea aberrans"
    ],
    "recorded_name_count": 4,
    "flower_visits": [
     {
      "animal": "Bombylius pulchellus",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Cornus florida",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Empis humilis",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Cornus florida",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Criorhina umbratilis",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Cornus florida",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     },
     {
      "animal": "Lonchaea aberrans",
      "group": "flies",
      "source_plant": "Cornus florida",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     }
    ],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 1
   },
   "moths_butterflies": {
    "label": "Adult butterflies / moths",
    "status": "recorded",
    "recorded_names": [
     "Thanaos juvenalis"
    ],
    "recorded_name_count": 1,
    "flower_visits": [
     {
      "animal": "Thanaos juvenalis",
      "group": "moths_butterflies",
      "source_plant": "Cornus florida",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     }
    ],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 1
   },
   "other_hymenoptera": {
    "label": "Other wasps",
    "status": "recorded",
    "recorded_names": [
     "Polistes pallipes"
    ],
    "recorded_name_count": 1,
    "flower_visits": [
     {
      "animal": "Polistes pallipes",
      "group": "other_hymenoptera",
      "source_plant": "Cornus florida",
      "interaction": "flower_visit",
      "location": "Carlinville, Illinois, USA",
      "dataset": "Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror",
      "reference": "Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.",
      "pollination_confirmed": false
     }
    ],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 1
   },
   "other_insects": {
    "label": "Other insects",
    "status": "unknown",
    "recorded_names": [],
    "recorded_name_count": null,
    "flower_visits": [],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 0
   }
  },
  "credit": 4,
  "maximum_credit": 5,
  "interpretation": "One provisional point per additional documented insect group, capped at five. Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. Study volume and repeated records earn no extra credit."
 },
 "baseline_genus_score": 98,
 "insect_credit_applied": 2,
 "quercus_score": 98,
 "band": "Keystone",
 "verdict": null,
 "genus_score": 100,
 "abundance_adjustment": -2,
 "factors": {
  "caterpillars": {
   "value": 112,
   "percentile": 0.974
  },
  "bees": {
   "value": 15,
   "percentile": 0.867
  },
  "specialists": {
   "value": 4,
   "percentile": 0.955
  },
  "birds": {
   "value": 28,
   "percentile": 0.983
  },
  "structure": {
   "value": [
    "Shrub",
    "Tree"
   ],
   "percentile": 1.0
  }
 },
 "bees_on_genus_se": 15,
 "specialist_bees_on_genus": 4,
 "birds_on_genus_na": 28,
 "growth_habit": [
  "Shrub",
  "Tree"
 ],
 "observed_caterpillars_nc": null,
 "reason": "Native. The Benthamidia (Cornus in the source data) genus feeds 112 caterpillar species in NC, draws 15 bee species in the Southeast, including 4 pollen-specialist bee species that depend on it,; 28 bird species have recorded feeding interactions with this genus in North America. Strong for caterpillars, bees, specialist bees and birds. Adjusted -2 because this species is less common in NC than others in its genus. Includes +2 provisional points for additional documented insect groups.",
 "confidence": "5 of 5 factor datasets used; missing records do not prove absence (genus-level)",
 "moisture": "unknown: no matched wetland indicator",
 "light_range": [
  "shade",
  "part sun"
 ],
 "light_source": "USDA PLANTS shade class 'Low', read inverted (coarse)",
 "nc_counties_recorded": 91,
 "nc_counties": [
  "Alamance",
  "Alexander",
  "Alleghany",
  "Anson",
  "Ashe",
  "Avery",
  "Bertie",
  "Bladen",
  "Brunswick",
  "Buncombe",
  "Burke",
  "Cabarrus",
  "Caldwell",
  "Carteret",
  "Caswell",
  "Catawba",
  "Chatham",
  "Cherokee",
  "Chowan",
  "Clay",
  "Cleveland",
  "Columbus",
  "Craven",
  "Cumberland",
  "Currituck",
  "Dare",
  "Davidson",
  "Davie",
  "Duplin",
  "Durham",
  "Edgecombe",
  "Forsyth",
  "Franklin",
  "Gaston",
  "Gates",
  "Graham",
  "Granville",
  "Greene",
  "Guilford",
  "Harnett",
  "Haywood",
  "Henderson",
  "Hertford",
  "Hoke",
  "Iredell",
  "Jackson",
  "Johnston",
  "Jones",
  "Lee",
  "Lenoir",
  "Lincoln",
  "Macon",
  "Madison",
  "Martin",
  "Mecklenburg",
  "Mitchell",
  "Montgomery",
  "Moore",
  "Nash",
  "New Hanover",
  "Northampton",
  "Onslow",
  "Orange",
  "Pamlico",
  "Pender",
  "Perquimans",
  "Person",
  "Pitt",
  "Polk",
  "Randolph",
  "Richmond",
  "Robeson",
  "Rockingham",
  "Rowan",
  "Rutherford",
  "Sampson",
  "Scotland",
  "Stanly",
  "Stokes",
  "Swain",
  "Transylvania",
  "Union",
  "Vance",
  "Wake",
  "Warren",
  "Watauga",
  "Wayne",
  "Wilkes",
  "Wilson",
  "Yadkin",
  "Yancey"
 ],
 "fit_inputs": {
  "light": [
   1,
   3
  ],
  "moisture": null,
  "ph": [
   4.8,
   7.7
  ]
 },
 "fit_status": "not_assessed",
 "hardiness_guidance": null,
 "fit_note": "Yard fit has not been assessed. County occurrences and condition proxies are not proof of local nativity or suitability.",
 "fit_provenance": {
  "counties": "USDA PLANTS: recorded in 91 NC counties",
  "ph": "USDA PLANTS",
  "light": "USDA PLANTS shade class 'Low', read inverted (coarse)",
  "moisture": "unknown: no matched indicator"
 },
 "factor_evidence": {
  "caterpillars": "records_present",
  "bees": "records_present",
  "specialists": "records_present",
  "birds": "records_present",
  "structure": "records_present"
 },
 "nc_provinces": [
  "Coastal Plain",
  "Mountains",
  "Piedmont"
 ],
 "search_terms": [
  "Cornus florida"
 ],
 "display_count_scales": {
  "caterpillars": 496,
  "bees": 176,
  "specialists": 45,
  "birds": 58,
  "insect_ants": 20,
  "insect_beetles": 12,
  "insect_flies": 74,
  "insect_moths_butterflies": 15,
  "insect_other_hymenoptera": 75,
  "insect_other_insects": 5
 },
 "version": "0.6.4",
 "built": "2026-09-24"
}