{
 "scientific_name": "Aronia arbutifolia",
 "common_name": "Red Chokeberry",
 "family": "Rosaceae",
 "genus": "Aronia",
 "slug": "aronia-arbutifolia",
 "region": "North Carolina",
 "also_known_as": [
  "Sorbus arbutifolia var. arbutifolia"
 ],
 "nc_state_rank": "S5",
 "nc_status": null,
 "invasive_rank": null,
 "caterpillar_species_on_genus_nc": 66,
 "single_host_specialists_on_genus_nc": 0,
 "genus_percentile_among_nc_natives": 0.95,
 "wetland_indicator": "FACW",
 "wetland_indicator_listed": true,
 "ph_range": [
  5.5,
  7.5
 ],
 "factors_measured": [
  "caterpillars",
  "bees",
  "specialists",
  "birds",
  "structure"
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "name": "Vascular Plants of North Carolina, plant list export 2026-09-01 (LeGrand, Sorrie & Howard)",
   "url": "https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"
  },
  {
   "name": "Shropshire & Tallamy 2025, Lepidoptera of North America north of Mexico, ZooKeys 1261 (ODbL)",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1261.160796"
  },
  {
   "name": "Noori, Seltmann & Orr 2026, A curated and integrated dataset for exploring global bee-plant interactions (GloBI), Zenodo, CC BY 4.0",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18303036"
  },
  {
   "name": "Smith, Bachelder, Russell, Morales, Mosher & Seltmann 2024, Bee-Specialization-Modeling v0.6.1 (specialist host table compiled from J. Fowler's pollen specialist bee lists), Zenodo, CC BY 4.0",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14226492"
  },
  {
   "name": "Hurlbert, Olsen, Sawyer & Winner 2021, Avian Diet Database, Scientific Data 8: 260 (CC0)",
   "url": "https://github.com/hurlbertlab/dietdatabase"
  },
  {
   "name": "USDA NRCS PLANTS Database, growth habit (public domain)",
   "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/"
  },
  {
   "name": "Narango, Tallamy & Shropshire 2020, Few keystone plant genera support the majority of Lepidoptera species, Nature Communications",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19565-4"
  },
  {
   "name": "U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, National Wetland Plant List 2022, Eastern Mountains & Piedmont",
   "url": "https://wetland-plants.sec.usace.army.mil/"
  },
  {
   "name": "USDA NRCS PLANTS Database",
   "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/"
  }
 ],
 "insect_support": {
  "version": "insect-support-1",
  "groups": {
   "ants": {
    "label": "Ants",
    "status": "unknown",
    "recorded_names": [],
    "recorded_name_count": null,
    "flower_visits": [],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 0
   },
   "beetles": {
    "label": "Beetles",
    "status": "unknown",
    "recorded_names": [],
    "recorded_name_count": null,
    "flower_visits": [],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 0
   },
   "flies": {
    "label": "Flies",
    "status": "unknown",
    "recorded_names": [],
    "recorded_name_count": null,
    "flower_visits": [],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 0
   },
   "moths_butterflies": {
    "label": "Adult butterflies / moths",
    "status": "unknown",
    "recorded_names": [],
    "recorded_name_count": null,
    "flower_visits": [],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 0
   },
   "other_hymenoptera": {
    "label": "Other wasps",
    "status": "unknown",
    "recorded_names": [],
    "recorded_name_count": null,
    "flower_visits": [],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 0
   },
   "other_insects": {
    "label": "Other insects",
    "status": "unknown",
    "recorded_names": [],
    "recorded_name_count": null,
    "flower_visits": [],
    "seed_interactions": [],
    "credit": 0
   }
  },
  "credit": 0,
  "maximum_credit": 5,
  "interpretation": "One provisional point per additional documented insect group, capped at five. Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. Study volume and repeated records earn no extra credit."
 },
 "baseline_genus_score": 90,
 "insect_credit_applied": 0,
 "quercus_score": 90,
 "band": "Keystone",
 "verdict": null,
 "genus_score": 90,
 "abundance_adjustment": 0,
 "factors": {
  "caterpillars": {
   "value": 66,
   "percentile": 0.952
  },
  "bees": {
   "value": 14,
   "percentile": 0.858
  },
  "specialists": {
   "value": 1,
   "percentile": 0.891
  },
  "birds": {
   "value": 6,
   "percentile": 0.872
  },
  "structure": {
   "value": [
    "Shrub"
   ],
   "percentile": 0.75
  }
 },
 "bees_on_genus_se": 14,
 "specialist_bees_on_genus": 1,
 "birds_on_genus_na": 6,
 "growth_habit": [
  "Shrub"
 ],
 "observed_caterpillars_nc": null,
 "reason": "Native. The Aronia (Sorbus in the source data) genus feeds 66 caterpillar species in NC, draws 14 bee species in the Southeast, including 1 pollen-specialist bee species that depend on it,; 6 bird species have recorded feeding interactions with this genus in North America. Strong for caterpillars, bees, specialist bees and birds.",
 "confidence": "5 of 5 factor datasets used; missing records do not prove absence (genus-level)",
 "moisture": "usually wet ground",
 "light_range": [
  "part sun",
  "full sun"
 ],
 "light_source": "USDA PLANTS shade class 'High', read inverted (coarse)",
 "nc_counties_recorded": 83,
 "nc_counties": [
  "Alamance",
  "Alexander",
  "Alleghany",
  "Anson",
  "Avery",
  "Beaufort",
  "Bertie",
  "Bladen",
  "Brunswick",
  "Buncombe",
  "Burke",
  "Cabarrus",
  "Carteret",
  "Chatham",
  "Cherokee",
  "Chowan",
  "Clay",
  "Columbus",
  "Craven",
  "Cumberland",
  "Dare",
  "Davie",
  "Duplin",
  "Durham",
  "Edgecombe",
  "Forsyth",
  "Franklin",
  "Gates",
  "Graham",
  "Granville",
  "Greene",
  "Guilford",
  "Halifax",
  "Harnett",
  "Haywood",
  "Henderson",
  "Hertford",
  "Hoke",
  "Hyde",
  "Iredell",
  "Jackson",
  "Johnston",
  "Jones",
  "Lee",
  "Lenoir",
  "Lincoln",
  "Macon",
  "Martin",
  "Montgomery",
  "Moore",
  "Nash",
  "New Hanover",
  "Northampton",
  "Onslow",
  "Orange",
  "Pamlico",
  "Pasquotank",
  "Pender",
  "Perquimans",
  "Pitt",
  "Polk",
  "Richmond",
  "Robeson",
  "Rockingham",
  "Rowan",
  "Rutherford",
  "Sampson",
  "Scotland",
  "Stanly",
  "Stokes",
  "Swain",
  "Transylvania",
  "Tyrrell",
  "Union",
  "Vance",
  "Wake",
  "Warren",
  "Washington",
  "Watauga",
  "Wayne",
  "Wilkes",
  "Wilson",
  "Yadkin"
 ],
 "fit_inputs": {
  "light": [
   3,
   4
  ],
  "moisture": [
   2,
   4
  ],
  "ph": [
   5.5,
   7.5
  ]
 },
 "fit_status": "not_assessed",
 "hardiness_guidance": null,
 "fit_note": "Yard fit has not been assessed. County occurrences and condition proxies are not proof of local nativity or suitability.",
 "fit_provenance": {
  "counties": "USDA PLANTS: recorded in 83 NC counties",
  "ph": "USDA PLANTS",
  "light": "USDA PLANTS shade class 'High', read inverted (coarse)",
  "moisture": "USACE wetland occurrence proxy; ; tolerates saturated soil (USDA/Niinemets)"
 },
 "factor_evidence": {
  "caterpillars": "records_present",
  "bees": "records_present",
  "specialists": "records_present",
  "birds": "records_present",
  "structure": "records_present"
 },
 "nc_provinces": [
  "Coastal Plain",
  "Mountains",
  "Piedmont"
 ],
 "search_terms": [
  "Sorbus arbutifolia var. arbutifolia",
  "mountain ash",
  "mountain-ash"
 ],
 "display_count_scales": {
  "caterpillars": 496,
  "bees": 176,
  "specialists": 45,
  "birds": 58,
  "insect_ants": 20,
  "insect_beetles": 12,
  "insect_flies": 74,
  "insect_moths_butterflies": 15,
  "insect_other_hymenoptera": 75,
  "insect_other_insects": 5
 },
 "version": "0.6.4",
 "built": "2026-09-24"
}